Infection Control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Infection Control - Research Paper Example The essay will explore some of the infections, their related causes and how as a medical facility can arrive at prevention of the infection. Infection control has been a topic in discussion for many years. It has been identified that infants and patients under surgical procedures suffers the highest risk of infection hence making surgical wound infection the second largest category of hospital-related infections. For example, Craven et al. found out that in most of Surgical Intensive Care Units (SICU), urinary tract infection, bacteremias and wound infections were major infections around patients. This is due to the antibiotics therapies given to patients, endotrachea tubes, arterial lines, central venous lines, and catheters they are attached to while still in SICU. Many experiments have been conducted to establish causes and magnitude of infections in hospital related infections. The studies have estimated that a quarter of the hospital-acquired infections involve ICU patients and about three quarters are related to microorganisms resistant to antibiotics. Depending on the type of infection, their frequencies, which are directly related to the effects it has on patients, differ. This difference is highly associated with mortality rate, cost of treatment and danger posed on the practitioners and the patients. Burke (2003) found that, urinary tract infections have the highest frequency of occurrence, lowest mortality rate, and lowest cost. This is followed by surgical sites infections in frequencies but third in cost, and finally pneumonia and bloodstream infections take the lowest frequency with the highest cost and mortality rate. However, frequencies and the magnitude of effect on mortality and cost keep on changing with time. For example, different studies have proved that urinary tract and surgical- site infections have been on decline. This could be due to increased surveillance and reduced stay in hospitals for the patients. Such studies gives a reason as to why the topic on infection control should be looked at more seriously if the world is to acquire minimum hospital-acquired infections. According to Burke (2003), infection control is a significant part of ensuring patient safety. This is because it ensures surveillance in the programs that are directly linked with the infections. The type of surveillance involved has been known to help medical practitioners as well as the patients to be aware of some of the dangers around them. This is attainable when policies on best practice in the medical field are changed to meet the demands of each exposure to infections. For example, policies like patient isolation to prevent nosocomial transmission need to be put in place if a minimum level of hospital related infections would be arrived at. Educating and protecting nurses, preventing transmissions of blood borne disease-causing organisms, ensuring the highest level of hand hygiene and providing practitioners with protective equipments also serves as part of the protective practices. It is important to look at th e environment around which the patients receive treatment; they should be free from any infections through regular disinfection of patient care items. Empirical Review Among the infections that have been widely discovered, bloodstream infections (BSI), urinary tract infections (UTI), surgical wound infection (SWI), nosocomial pneumonia, nosocomial bacteremia and surgical sites infection (SSI) take the lead in the order mentioned. They all occur in different frequencies and symptoms though there are some that occur without observable symptoms. For

How the religion help maya to fight for gender equality in society in Essay

How the religion help maya to fight for gender equality in society in america - Essay Example It must contribute to love and understanding amongst the humankind and between different races. Religious teachings made her appreciate the beauty and goodness of things. She shaped into an idealistic individual, happy always, notwithstanding the adverse circumstances the black community was placed in. She took it as a challenge. Maya belonged to the black race and the appearance of members of the black race, was not good. On these counts, they were always subject to prejudice. To overcome this problem Maya built her self-esteem and religious teachings were a great solace to her in situations over she had no control. But she challenged the vicissitudes of life ably. She had to endure the worst experience a young girl can think of—being raped! Though this incident put a lot of limitations on her behavior, religion provided her the strength to endure the ultimate humiliation. How religion has indirect influences, on the psyche of the black people? Black people feel better about their inferiority and think that it is the God-given gift to them. They conclude that they are more loved by God. How they challenge their difficulties that try to corner them from all ends! This self-righteousness based on the foundation of religious principles provided lots of internal strength to Maya. The portrayal of her life has been hailed as the biblical study in life in the midst of death. Notwithstanding her dastardly experience of rape, she maintained a luminous dignity about her life and such poise is possible for in individual with strong religious/spiritual beliefs. She has a comprehensive sense of life, again a quality of a doted and spiritual human being. The theme of the book is the quest for the black child seeking love by the adult, which normally are the parents. But destiny denied that part of love to Maya, being separated from her parents. The

BizCafe Business Case Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

BizCafe Business Case - Coursework Example The business targets a large number of customers, some of whom prefer take-away, while some host meetings as they take their coffee, hence need for a bigger space. Jane should have not relied on students totally, as they have classes to attend to, which would compromise running of the business. Hiring qualified staff who can work full time while students take over after school would be a good measure that ensures business efficiency. However, the cafe business is viable in the market, since it is at an appealing location. While purchasing equipments, one has to keep in mind that customers have different tastes and preferences, and in this new era, a modern up-to-date restaurant is preferred by many. I would purchase the new green furniture at $4,000, since they provide an attractive and private atmosphere. In addition, I would prefer the new 4-cup espresso, which costs $6,000, as it has a high capacity and it is fast to make, thus would ensure efficiency while serving many customers. The decisions made on the type of furniture and coffee espresso will yield to high costs as opposed to Jane’s choice. ... Rationale for the Business: Each business must have strategies in order for it to survive. With the advancing technology, businesses adopt new strategies that enhance survival through a competitive advantage. A business can attain a competitive advantage through cost leadership, whereby, it becomes the lowest price for its products but still maintains the product’s quality. Product differentiation is another strategy that ensures that a business provides unique services or products as compared to its competitors, thus attracting more customers (Hitt, Ireland & Hokisson, 2009 p117). The cafe name is â€Å"never enough cafe,† a name has a motive of attracting customers who are curious of how special is our coffee, such that, one can never have enough of it. The new green type of chosen furniture aims at attracting customers as it has a sense of style in it. The 4-cup automatic espresso aims at serving more customers at once, hence avoiding long queues, or inconveniences t o customers. The staff will be paid according to the number of hours worked; however, a manager must work full time and must be punctual. The staff will be paid well to avoid quitting, which results to inconveniences. When employees are paid well, they are motivated. Therefore, this tool will be used by our business in order to attain a competitive advantage. In marketing strategies, the cafe seeks to utilize the 3-cup sizes instead of one cup; as a result, the cafe is considerate of different classes of customers, as each cup has its price. This is a competitive strategy as other restaurants concentrate on one size of cup only, of which the price is definitely fixed and high. However, different sizes of cups give a

Oscar Wilde Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oscar Wilde - Essay Example His father was a surgeon and his mother was a renowned poet and writer herself(Merriman, 2008). Due to this upbringing, Wilde was educated at the prestigious Trinity College in Dublin and then went to England to study at the Magdalen College(Merriman, 2008). At this latter school, Wilde studied classic literature and poetry. One of Wilde’s major influences while at school was Walter Parker who had founded the Aesthetic Movement which Wilde soon became a part of (Merriman, 2008). The Aesthetic Movement is a lifestyle known as â€Å"arts for art’s sake†(Merriman, 2008). Perhaps it was this movement that was responsible for Wilde’s eccentric personality. Wilde was not only eccentric, but also very talented, which came to light around the same time. During this particular period, Wilde wrote several award winning poems and began a life in London, England and published his first book of poems in 1881(Merriman, 2008). In 1884, Wilde married and had two children (â€Å"Oscar Wilde Biography†). He spent several years traveling around the western hemisphere and lecturing. Once he became a bit more settled with his family, he became the editor of a magazine known as â€Å"Woman’s World†(â€Å"Oscar Wilde Biography†).

Assessment Centre Case Study 'University Reunion' Essay

Assessment Centre Case Study 'University Reunion' - Essay Example The major reason companies or businesses merge is to reduce or save on the production cost especially in the case of former competitors, generate capital for entering into the markets or launching products, and possessing technical knowledge and complementary practice needed to compete effectively in the market. (Sanders, 2012) Acquisitions and merger The term merger and acquisitions are usually used by several people as if they are synonyms of each other, but a slight difference exists between the two terms. According to Investopedia (2011), when a single company takes over another company and establishes itself clearly as the new owner, the sale or purchase is referred to as acquisition e.g. Panflow acquiring the Vatline Company. The force that allows for new business enhanced cost efficiencies is known as synergy. Synergy assumes the form of cost savings and revenue enhancement. When the companies merge, they hope to benefit from four major ways, which are also the ones that may g enerate issues if not handled well. These areas are economies of scale, acquisition of new technology, staff reductions, and improvement of industry visibility and market reach. Business issues The subject of employees is usually handled as a minor business issue while it has a huge role to play in the success of the merger or acquisition. John Reh (2012) refers to this issue as merger mania, and advocates for a successful management of people to achieve a successful merger. Bersin & Advocates (2010) supports this idea by presenting it from the perspective of HR consulting and outsourcing. The main reasons for a company acquiring another or merging are critical to the solutions of the business issues that may arise due to the company acquisition. Identifying the strategic reasons why Panflow acquired Vatline aids in concentrating on the synergies that Panflow may require for success. Common strategic reasons or objectives for acquisitions that range from complementary market and pro ducts, acquisition of key technology, gaining creative talent (from Vatline), and eliminating competitor are important in determining the solutions to the business issues. (Daunt, 2002: p.2) Merger pitfalls Gitelson et al (2001) identifies seven key areas that any merger needs to look into from the beginning in order to ensure success. These areas or pitfalls are preoccupation, list-making, organizational proliferation, irrelevant and infrequent communication, triangulation, relatives, and the guiding light. Technical issues The idea of merging organizations or companies always requires the technological integration between the two companies. Vatline and Panflow are utilizing different software and hardware platforms and making the same business units to function as one the companies require a technology in place that would enable the different systems to communicate at a machine level. (William, 2004) The easier way to attain this is for one group to migrate to the same technology functions as the other. The manner that should be followed in selecting the best technological platform to use would be considering the technological superiority of one of the systems over the other. Apart from the superiority of the technology, the major issue is supposed to be the ease at which the transition from one system to another would be achieved from the procedure, organizational structure, and

Managerial Escalator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managerial Escalator - Essay Example In order for them to be successful, they need to position the priorities of the business before their private priorities. If the managers put the interest of the business after their interests, they may end up not becoming successful in their management; this is because their personal interest may not be in line with the interests of the organization. The different causes of poor management have also been identified. There are a number of factors that may lead to a manager not being successful such as having managerial concept that are not good enough. Managers need to have well researched strategies in order for them to be successful. The models used by the authors in explaining this points is through breaking down the broad topic of management into less detailed sub topics. They explore these subtopics into details in order to explain management in detail. The authors have different point of views about management. They begin by defining management as the art of making things get done through the use of other people or a way of achieving some results through other people. Some people view management as a cycle involving identification of different objectives, setting of targets, making plans, resource organization, good communication regarding information, motivation of workers, getting feedback, control and taking actions. Some researches were done by separate people who do not agree with this. This is because it was noted that managers make decisions abruptly according to the situation at hand. They mostly do not take time to strategize their decisions (David, 2001). Individuals turn into managers through a given process. The organizational structure is defined in a way that the majority of the staffs are often engaged in given activities and the managers usually oversee some specialized activities. Most of the managers have some giv en specialized backgrounds. During the early stages of their careers, they were at some lower levels in different departments. They may have learned some skills through training, experience or through the combination of both. Most of the managers in top positions have passed through these stages. They begin as normal workers and improve on their skills. As they improve and gain more experience, they are promoted through the different ranks until they get to the managerial position. There are a number of responsibilities accounted to managers. They play the role of planning and allocating of work. Managers plan what is to be done in an organization. They give different employees specific works to be done or allocate them into different areas of work according to the plan. They identify what is of priority to the organization so that they may be given attention first. They review and establish different working methods and ensure that they control all the activities in an

Critically consider the impact of implementing the new statutory Essay

Critically consider the impact of implementing the new statutory guidence for the new early years foundation stage 2012 across the early years sector - Essay Example It also involves having enabling environment where the experiences and opportunities are tailored to meet the individual needs of the child and lastly the learning and development which must appreciate that a child learns in different ways and rates (Standards & Testing Agency 2014, p.4). The Early Years Foundation Stage Framework avails to professionals a set of common principles and commitments aimed at delivering early education to children in a quality manner and gives childcare experiences that are expected of all children. The framework majorly gives confidence to the parent that whichever place they choose for the early education of their children they are assured that the same principles and commitments provided by the British law shall apply to the experiences of their children in terms of learning and development. The EYFS 2012 emphasizes the need for professionals to spend enough time in interacting with the children in order to promote skills that may help the child be creative think critically and know how to communicate and develop language at an early stage (Soni and Bristow 2013, p.41). It also encourages the parents to e more involved in the development of the child and to give insights on how they can support the development at their respective home s as well as the early identification of the needs of the child that may require special attention or the involvement of healthcare providers. It also aims at equipping professionals with the knowledge of how they can share the progress of children between the ages of two and three and how to refocus the learning and development of children still at the early foundation stages. The aforementioned are assessed through the important areas of learning that address learning and they include personal, emotional and social development as well as the specifics when it comes to the literacy, mathematics, design and expressive arts and understanding of the world. The EYFS